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Background: The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) protein is a member of the large and ubiquitous histidine triad (HIT) family of proteins. It is expressed from a gene located at a fragile site on human chromosome 3, which is commonly disrupted in association with certain cancers. On the basis of the genetic evidence, it has been postulated that the FHIT protein may function as a tumor suppressor, implying...
Background: Staphylococcal epidermolytic toxins A and B (ETA and ETB) are responsible for the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome of newborn and young infants; this condition can appear just a few hours after birth. These toxins cause the disorganization and disruption of the region between the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum - two of the three cellular layers constituting the epidermis...
Background: Malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a major public health concern. The parasite lacks a functional tricarboxylic acid cycle, making glycolysis its sole energy source. Although parasite enzymes have been considered as potential antimalarial drug targets, little is known about their structural biology. Here we report the crystal structure of triosephosphate isomerase...
Background: Photosystem II (PSII) is a multisubunit protein complex which is embedded in the membranes of plants. It uses light energy to split water into molecular oxygen and reducing equivalents. PSII can be isolated with varying degrees of complexity in terms of its subunit composition and activity. To date, no three-dimensional (3-D) structure of the PSII complex has been determined which allows...
Background: F 1 -ATPase, an oligomeric assembly with subunit stoichiometry α3β3γδε, is the catalytic component of the ATP synthase complex, which plays a central role in energy transduction in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria. The crystal structure of bovine mitochondrial F 1 -ATPase displays a marked asymmetry in the conformation and nucleotide content of the catalytic β subunits...
Crystal structures have recently been reported for several in vitro selected aptamers that bind small molecules. A structural comparison of these aptamers with proteins that bind identical ligands reveals similar strategies for forming ligand-binding pockets.
A first real glance at the structural, spectral and temporal interplay that constitutes the photocycle of the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) has been obtained from a combination of time-resolved crystallography with mutational analysis and spectroscopic studies.
Background: Mammalian 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3α-HSDs) modulate the activities of steroid hormones by reversibly reducing their C3 ketone groups. In steroid target tissues, 3α-HSDs act on 5α-dihydrotestosterone, a potent male sex hormone (androgen) implicated in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Rat liver 3α-HSD belongs to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily and provides...
Background: The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) is responsible for the binding, transmembrane transport and phosphorylation of numerous sugar substrates. The system is also involved in the regulation of a variety of metabolic and transcriptional processes. The PTS consists of two non-specific energy coupling components, enzyme I and a heat stable phosphocarrier...
Background: Oligomeric coiled-coil motifs are found in numerous protein structures; among them is fibritin, a structural protein of bacteriophage T4, which belongs to a class of chaperones that catalyze a specific phage-assembly process. Fibritin promotes the assembly of the long tail fibers and their subsequent attachment to the tail baseplate; it is also a sensing device that controls the retraction...
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